![]() My current feeling is that in the absence of either toe or heel, the vertical tension bars in the wall and the horizontal tension bars in the footing should terminate at the junction with a mechanical anchor, but I'd be interested to hear what others think on the subject.ĮDIT: If the footing has a key (turned down portion) to create more passive pressure and if the key is located such that the vertical wall bars can be fully developed, mechanical anchorage would not be necessary for the wall, but would be for the footing. I have never used it on an actual project, so I probably should keep quiet, but I believe it could be an effective tool for solving this type of problem. One way to look at it is by using the strut and tie model. With no heel, the angle is trying to close with no possibility of adding a diagonal bar. With no toe, the right angle is tending to open, but diagonal bars can be added at the re-entrant angle. In any event, it is not very significant.īA RE: Retaining wall toe design r13 (Civil/Environmental) 24 Sep 20 21:30Ĭan't recall ever designing a retaining wall with no toe or no heel. I did not consider it, but suspect it is there. All dimensions are metric, so probably it would be better to specify (101.6 is not easy to measure, using a metric tape)ĮDIT: If there is upward soil pressure on the footing to the right of Point 'a', that would increase the CCW moment. Using Imperial bar numbers with metric spacing is not recommended as it could be misinterpreted. In a more rigorous analysis, the structural component properties can be included in a stress-deformation analysis so the forces and moments in the structure can be computed along with the interaction between the structure and ground. The downturned concrete at the end of the toe will resist passive pressure and should have additional steel as shown (if necessary, hooked at the bottom). GeoStudio has many options for dealing with structural reinforcements. I have not checked the amount of reinforcement, but seems excessive in the upper part of the wall. ![]() ![]() Unless I have made a mistake (a high probability), the net factored moment is 867kN-m at point 'a' on the neutral axis of the footing. Factors 1.2 for dead load and 1.6 for active pressure are being used which seems conservative, but that's okay. Theyre made of high-strength, low-absorption concrete to provide permanent, environmentally safe walls that are virtually maintenance free. Whenever a design allows, we prefer to use plants native to the Northern Illinois region for their many benefits.Maximum factored moment at point 'a' is required. We anticipate how the plants grow so your landscape continues to please for years to come. While not exclusively so, retaining walls tend to be bordered by lawns so adding a pop of colour and texture to a garden is a. Our first priority is to help you discover and express what you truly want from your landscape, be it continuous color, ease of maintenance or entertaining friends.Īfter assessing the site, including present plants and trees, architectural style, sun/ shade patterns and other considerations, we design for balance and scale, color and texture, seasonal variation and overall harmony. (Image credit: Green Retreats) For an endlessly charming garden view, adding warm, characterful materials like brick, stone and flint will instantly add a focus and spark. Ed knows how to produce installations that deliver on a well designed plan. He has become quite able at crew selection, training and management. He has developed a good eye choosing stock. He knows how landscape materials behave in various settings. This too has gained him the skill set needed to make every job a success. Advertisement Step 3: Lay Your Foundation The foundation for your wall needs to be sturdy, but it does not need to be pretty. Route the drain pipe to an area away from your wall. ![]() Ed has well over thirty years experience as a landscaper with roughly twenty-three years running his own firm. Lay a 4-inch drain pipe in your trench, placing it between your new retaining wall and the slope behind it. ![]()
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